Classification and principle of car audio speakers
Car audio speakers are divided into two types according to the sound power: air horn and electric horn; according to the shape, they are divided into three types: cylindrical, spiral, and basin; according to the sound frequency, they are divided into two types: tweeter and woofer.
air horn
The working principle of the air horn is to use the airflow of compressed air to vibrate the metal diaphragm to make sound, so it must be used above the car with an air compressor. Typically, air horns are installed on buses and heavy trucks. Especially when long-distance transport vehicles are driving in mountainous areas or on curved roads, the air horn can effectively remind pedestrians and other drivers. Because the volume of the air horn is large, the lingering sound is good, the sound is pleasing to the ear, and it can spread far. Air horns are generally cylindrical and use two speakers, a tweeter and a woofer, to work together.
Electric horn
The working principle of the electric horn is to use electromagnetic attraction to vibrate the metal diaphragm to make sound. It is a kind of horn widely used in automobiles. According to the structure, it is divided into three types: cylinder type, spiral type and basin type. Generally, it is made into a spiral shape or a basin shape.
Commonly used electric horns can be divided into two types: mechanical and electronic according to their working methods. Among them, electronic horns are divided into contact horns and non-contact horns. The contact electric horn uses the closing and opening of the contacts to control the on and off of the excitation current in the electromagnetic coil, so that the iron core (or armature) moves up and down at a certain frequency. The working metal diaphragm vibrates to produce sound. The non-contact electric horn uses an electronic circuit to control the on-off of the excitation current in the electromagnetic coil, so that the iron core moves at a certain frequency, driving the metal diaphragm to vibrate and making sound.
Electric speakers have the advantages of convenient energy, simple structure, small size, low quality, low noise, convenient maintenance, loud sound, and pleasing sound quality.
The non-contact electric horn is more durable because it overcomes the shortcomings of contact ablation and oxidation of the contact electric horn and makes the horn sound. And its tone and volume are easier to adjust than the contact type, so it is the development direction of car speakers.
